Wars

During the period covered, Rome was often fighting several wars simultaneously. The major wars are covered in some details, while the other conflicts are summarised more briefly:

• Jugurthan War 110-105 BC - war in Numidia against King Jugurtha
• Cimbric Wars 110-101 BC - war against a confederation of German and Gallic tribes, led by the Cimbri, mostly fought in Transalpine Gaul
• Italian War - war within Italy against Rome's former allies, including the Marsi and the Samnites
• The Civil War - war between two rival factions within the Roman ruling classes
• Mithridatic Wars - war against King Mithridates of Pontus, fought in Greece and Asia Minor

The section on Other Wars summarises minor conflicts before and during the period.